For good functionality and increased efficiency, it is preferable that the soils to be irrigated with modern pivot and linear sprinkler equipment, be properly prepared by ensuring the uniformity of the ground for their proper movement and respectively to ensure a good drainage of these land surfaces. The paper presents some of the solutions and technological stages for leveling and systematizing the land, as well as the specific technological equipment used. The geometric preparation of the fields within a crop rotation that will benefit from mobile irrigation systems obviously requires investments that generate costs, but these costs are then reflected in the increase in land value, first of all, in the decrease of losses (by eliminating puddle areas and protecting irrigation facilities for unintended accidents due to a kneaded ground), secondly. Dedicated design programs, as well as the use of laser and GPS technology incorporated earthmoving machinery, eases the project implementation, ensure increased accuracy, shorten the development / execution time and help find optimal technical and financial solutions. The importance of preparing by remodeling of the surfaces where mobile watering equipment is to be used is revealed by their increased efficiency, both as a mode of operation and as time / costs.

The establishment of a wisely fertilization system in forest crops is only possible if soil characteristics are distinguished, which determine to a large extent the ability of plants to use nutrients in soil. Soil texture, therefore have a major influence on future production. The main objective of this study was to assess the natural effects of different soils on the vegetative growth and the root development of European-origin Picea Abies seedlings under greenhouse conditions. The selected substrates were clay soil, clay-sandy soil, loamy soil, sandy-loamy and sandy soils.

The paper summarizes the current state of irrigation arrangements in Romania, the existing situation, and the need to carry out intervention works, presenting the context: policies, strategies, legislation, relevant agreements, institutional and financial structures, synthesis of irrigation swot analysis and objectives to be achieved by making public investments in the field of irrigation. The infrastructure of irrigation facilities includes: the main infrastructure in the National Agency for Land Improvements (NALI), patrimony and the secondary infrastructure transferred to the Irrigation Water Users Organization (IWUO) patrimony of irrigation, for the main irrigation infrastructure and respectively the Financing Programs for IWUO’s, Federations of Organizations of Water Users for Irrigation (FOWUI), from European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD), through Agency for the Financing of Rural Investments (AFRI), for the secondary irrigation infrastructure.

Monitoring the ecosystem evaluated with GIS instruments, measures its spatial and temporal structure and functions at different scales, resulting in information regarding the trend and change in quality due to anthropogenic influence. Observations of ecological indicators make it possible to reveal the types and mechanisms of distribution, changing phenomena, natural resources and their links with the environment. The object of research in this paper was the generalization of data on the appearance and analysis of the territorial state of Negrea village. The aim of our research, using the digital model, is to assess the existing situation and solve ecological problems in the future, already at a qualitatively new level. The preliminary method of the initial information used is based on the digitization of the researched area, being possible to evaluate the digital models of the slope map, the exposure of the slopes, the elevation, the relief depressions, etc., which represent the overall state of the ecosystem. The practical implementation of this methodology has become possible in the last 10-15 years only on the basis of geographical information technologies. The results of the research are presented visually in graphical form.

The forest ecosystems of the Republic of Moldova constitute a strategic natural biotic potential, which through their structural and functional diversity include the most valuable associations of natural vegetation. Degradation of forest resources influences the state of other natural resources and can be a limiting factor in the development of the local and national economy as a whole. Thus, there is a need to carry out a detailed analysis of the dynamics of forest landscapes using modern research methods and means, in order to develop possible measures for their ecological reconstruction, which, along with other activities, would ensure the sustainable development of society. In this context, for the installation of a forest crop it is very important to use high quality reproductive forest material that is compatible with the planting area. A current example of the research presented evokes the purpose of this paper. The objective of this study was to organize the ecological reconstruction of the stands in the Singerei Forest District. The monitoring of the afforested lands by natural or artificial way in the respective area, was carried out practically from the period 2018-2021 for: a) meadows or gaps destined for afforestation - 185.97 ha, of which only 92.97 ha have been afforested so far; b) degraded lands destined for afforestation - 96.81 ha, of which only 50.88 ha have been afforested so far. Overall, the main species is the White Acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) then the Pedunculate Oak (Quercus pedunculata) and the Red Oak (Quercus rubra). As a methodology for the collection and processing of primary materials, the method applied to eco-logical landscaping and reconstruction works was used according to the technical norms in force. The scientific study carried out in spring and autumn, regarding the ecological reconstruction in the Singerei Forest District has its investigation from 2018- 2021. The competitiveness of these totally derived works during the last years, has obtained forest crops with a very good success of the main species, being thus, possible to obtain new stands and at the same time, defending understood and unregenerate gaps.

Eight (8) heavy metals (iron (Fe) manganese (Mn) zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni)) were assessed between February and August 2019 in 3 stations, using atomic absorption spectrometer, and health risk evaluated using chronicle daily intake (CDI), hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard index (THI) for all the stations. The result indicated that CDI of most heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb) for children exceeded their oral reference dose (RfD) but only Pb, Cr, Cd and Zn exceeded their RfD for adult. Hazard quotient (HQ) of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb were far exceeded unit (1) for children while only Mn and Cr exceeded hazard quotient unit (1) for adult. The total hazard index (THI) for both children and adult far exceeded threshold value (1). The findings of this study revealed that all the communities depending on Anambra river basin for their drinking water are vulnerable to heavy metals related diseases. Constant monitoring and remediation processes of the Anambra River basin are strongly recommended.

Mining poses myriad environmental and social problems although economically it has some advantages. However, despite the ill effects of mining to human beings, mining is still popular among the poor and so with the rich. Primarily, this paper presents the status of small-scale mining in Southern Leyte and its impact to environment, health, economy, and community among the marginalized people. A survey among small-scale miners, key informant interviews and field observations were conducted in Pinut-an, San Ricardo, Southern Leyte. Results shows that majority of the miners in the area inherited this activity from their forefathers. Mining is considered as major livelihood activity, since the average annual income of mining is Php 55, 529 that is higher as compared with their other livelihoods averaging an annual income of Php 18, 656. The main reasons why people engaged in mining are the following: easy money, no other livelihood, encouraged by other households and everybody is doing it. Accordingly, miners in the area are not fully aware of the impacts to their health and community. However, mining appears to be the norm in the village if people need money to survive.